Guatemala's press freedom is on thin ice

In this issue, I focus on the recent humid heat wave in Asia (it's so scary), what civil society organizations in Madagascar are doing to protect land rights for the Malagasy people, and the sentencing of Guatemala's most critical journalists, Zamora, to prison. Of course, the capsized boats in Nigeria and Greece take up some (emotional) space, there was another ceasefire in Sudan, the Great Museum of Africa is in Algeria (for now), Japan raised the age of consent from 13 (!) to 16, an amazing long read on Kenya's Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, an Indian crime drama series (that I'm going to binge this week), and the most bewildering news from North Korea, the new member on the executive board of the World Health Organization (yes, I know). Plus, so much more.

Africa

Civil society organizations in Madagascar are fighting to protect land rights

What happened:
Madagascar just passed a law allowing foreign investors to lease land for 99 years, sparking concerns among civil society organizations in the country.

Why this matters:
There is a lot of conflict over land in Madagascar, preventing the country from creating a fair society that cares about everyone's well-being. Land conflicts there are a complex mix of colonialism, corruption within the country's justice system, and community struggles. According to a 2022 report from OBS Mada, land disputes account for a quarter of social conflicts in the country.

Tell me more:
"Currently undergoing a constitutional review, if approved by the High Constitutional Court, it enables foreign investors and companies to lease land for 99 years and renew such agreements through emphyteusis, effectively granting them ownership of the land, write Velomahanina Razakamaharavo and Lalatiana Rakotondranaivo for African Arguments. "With such a law, 80% of the Malagasy are at risk of eviction from their land." Some observers say, 'this is perpetuating the colonial dispossession of the Malagasy people.' The government supports the law, stating it aligns Madagascar with international standards and attracts investments, benefitting all investors.

Did you know that when Madagascar was ruled by France as a colony, France set up a land registration system that allowed them to claim one-fifth of the arable land? That system is still in place today, and is the reason why this land is now being claimed by the descendants of colonizers, while locals who've worked the lands for generations face displacement and conflict. Madagascar gained full independence from France in 1960.

What about the other land conflicts?
It is not only descendants of colonizers or corporations that are vying for the land in Madagascar. In a recent case, the Karana community (descendants of Indo-Pakistani immigrants) forcibly removed a local community from their land. And then there's the sh*t ton of corruption within the Malagasy justice system (this is why the former Minister of Justice resigned) that denies locals access to land titles, even with legitimate documents. In short: It's super messy, and very difficult for Malagasy people to claim their own land. Many feel powerless in the face of all of this.

What now?
The World Bank has put a lot of money into helping Madagascar manage land titles better. The Malagasy government plans to give out around two million land titles this year. But, some people are worried about these efforts. The World Bank has been criticized because it only gave out 570,000 land titles in six years, even though it planned to give out 2.5 million. It's also surprising that they only set aside US$47 million for this.

Civil society organizations like SIF, CRAAD-OI, and Collectif Tany continue to advocate for the rights of local communities, focusing on the law's implementation phase. They are demanding regular reviews of the 99-year-long leases and that there is a checkup every 30 years to decide if the lease should be continued or stopped.

Asia

There's a deadly heat wave in Asia right now -- 'climate change made this 30 times more likely'

What happened:
April and May are typically the hottest months of the year in Southeast Asia, as temperatures rise before monsoon rains bring some relief. But this year, they reached levels never experienced before in most countries of the region. It's unclear how many people died (a lot), but many have been hospitalized, roads have been damaged, fires sparked and schools closed.

Why this matters:
In a recent report from the World Weather Attribution (WWA), an international coalition of scientists said the April heat wave in Southeast Asia was a once-in-200-years event that would have been "virtually impossible" without human-caused climate change.

Tell me more:
There are many news reports. Here are some details that stood out to me and that make this 'heat wave' headline a little bit more palpable. Basically,

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Each week, What Happened Last Week curates news and perspectives from Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The newsletter is written by Sham Jaff and focuses on stories that rarely receive sustained attention in Western media.

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